Recommended Celetrix electroporation voltages for primary cells, stem cells and cell lines. Find your cell type below; linked cell types have a full protocol page with data. For cells not listed, start from a cell type of similar size and fine-tune with our optimization guide.
| Cell Type | Mode | 20 µl, 100 µl | 200 µl, 1 ml |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human PBMC | PBMC | 1200 -1400 | NA |
| Human T cells, unstimulated | PBMC | 1300 -1450 | NA |
| Human B cells, unstimulated | PBMC | 1300 -1450 | NA |
| Human NK cells, unstimulated | PBMC | 1300 -1450 | NA |
| Human Neutrophil | PBMC | 1300 -1450 | NA |
| Mouse lymph node primary T cell | PBMC | 1300 -1450 | NA |
| Mouse primary spleen cells | PBMC | 1300 -1450 | NA |
| Mouse bone marrow monocyte | PBMC | 1300 -1450 | NA |
| Human Cultured T cells | Cell Line | 480-540 | 1150-1300 |
| Human Cultured NK cells | Cell Line | 480-540 | 1200-1300 |
| Human iPSC | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1200-1300 |
| Human MM1.S | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| Human adipose MSC | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1200-1300 |
| Human bone marrow MSC | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1200-1300 |
| Human cord blood MSC | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1200-1300 |
| Human ESC derived neural stem cell | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| Human primary hepatocyte | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1150-1250 |
| Human primary Dendritic cells | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1150-1200 |
| Human neural progenitor ReNCell VM | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| Mouse iPSC | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1150-1250 |
| Mouse ESC | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1150-1250 |
| Mouse lymph node Cultured T cell | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1200-1300 |
| Mouse peritoneal Macrophage | Cell Line | 540-580 | 1350-1400 |
| Primary mouse cortical neurons | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1350-1400 |
| Rat primary cortex neural progenitor cell | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| 293 | Cell Line | 440-480 | 1050-1150 |
| 293T | Cell Line | 460-500 | 1050-1150 |
| A20 | Cell Line | 540-560 | 1250-1350 |
| A549 | Cell Line | 540-560 | 1250-1350 |
| ADSCs | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1200-1300 |
| ARPE-19 | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| BaF3 | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| BJ | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1250-1400 |
| CAL51 | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1250-1350 |
| CHO-K1 | Cell Line | 560-600 | 1250-1400 |
| CHO-S | Cell Line | 520-580 | 1250-1400 |
| DEL | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1200-1300 |
| DLD1 | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1200-1300 |
| EMT6 | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1200-1300 |
| HCT116 | Cell Line | 540-560 | 1200-1300 |
| Hela | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1250-1350 |
| Hepa1-6 | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1200-1300 |
| Hep3b | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1100-1200 |
| HSF | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| HUC-Maaa13-P3 | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| HUVEC | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| H1975 | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| H22 | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1200-1300 |
| H226 | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| H9C2 | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1350-1400 |
| HL-60 * | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| iMC | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1200-1300 |
| Jurkat | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1200-1350 |
| Karpas299 | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| K562 | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1200-1300 |
| MC38 | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1200-1300 |
| MCF-7 | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1200-1300 |
| MDA-MB-231 | Cell Line | 500-520 | 1220-1300 |
| Molm-13 * | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1250-1350 |
| Nalm-6 | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| NK-92 | Cell Line | 440-460 | 1150-1200 |
| Raji | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| RAW264.7 | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| SF9 insect cell | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1200-1300 |
| SK-HEP-1 | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1220-1300 |
| SP2/0 | Cell Line | 480-500 | 1150-1200 |
| SUP-M2 * | Cell Line | 520-560 | 1250-1350 |
| Swiss-3T3 | Cell Line | 520-540 | 1250-1350 |
| p3X63Ag8.653 | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1220-1300 |
| THP-1 * | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1250-1300 |
| U251 | Cell Line | 480-520 | 1250-1400 |
| U937 * | Cell Line | 500-540 | 1250-1300 |
Mode: Cell Line mode is for cell lines, primary cells and stimulated T, B and NK cells. PBMC mode is for PBMC and unstimulated T, B and NK cells, at room temperature.
*Many monocyte or macrophage related cell lines such as THP-1, U937, HL-60 and Molm13 will die out within two to three days after plasmid electroporation. These cells have no problem with mRNA, siRNA and Cas9 RNP electroporation. The efficiency would be nearly 100% and cell survival is not affected. Celetrix has developed the THP-1 Helper Kit for plasmid electroporation of monocytic cell lines. A significant portion of THP-1 and U937 cells can survive and grow with the helper kit, enabling easy generation of stable cell lines. Our THP-1 Helper Kit does not help cell lines such as Molm13 and SUP-M2 with plasmid electroporation and we are actively researching the solutions.
Different tube sizes need different voltages because of the electrode distance. The pulse time stays the same. Example based on 500 V in a 20 µl tube:
20 µl: 500 V
100 µl: 510 V (20 µl voltage + 10 V)
120 µl: 700 V (20 µl voltage × 1.4)
200 µl: 1200 V (20 µl voltage × 2.4)
600 µl: 800 V (20 µl voltage × 1.6)
1 ml: 1250 V (20 µl voltage × 2.5)
